By Dr. Isin Mustafa, DPM, MSHS, FACFAS, DABPM
Ankle sprains are prevalent injuries that can affect individuals across all age groups and activity levels. It’s likely that most people have experienced an ankle sprain at some point in their lives. Often, individuals underestimate the severity of these sprains, leading them to return to their regular activities prematurely, which can result in re-injury. This cycle frequently occurs because many do not seek appropriate treatment, potentially leading to recurrent sprains or a condition known as chronic ankle instability. Recognizing the potential long-term consequences of untreated ankle injuries should encourage more people to consult medical professionals promptly, thereby preventing enduring issues such as chronic instability.
Understanding Ankle Sprains
An ankle sprain involves injury to one or more of the ankle ligaments—band-like structures that connect bones and stabilize joints. These injuries can affect anyone, including adults, children, athletes, and non-athletes. Common causes include physical activities, tripping, stepping incorrectly, or direct trauma. Ankle sprains often result from falls, sudden twists, or trauma that forces the ankle joint out of its normal position. Such incidents are common during sports, especially those involving jumping or quick direction changes, as well as when wearing inappropriate footwear or walking/running on uneven surfaces.
The severity of a sprain depends on whether the ankle ligament is stretched, partially torn, or completely torn, as well as how many ligaments are damaged. It’s important to distinguish ankle sprains from strains, which affect muscles rather than ligaments.
Symptoms
Symptoms of an ankle sprain may include localized pain, swelling, bruising, stiffness, and difficulty walking.
Risk Factors and Prevention
Preventing ankle sprains is preferable to dealing with the consequences of an injury. Several measures can reduce the risk:
• Gradual Increase in Activity: When starting a new exercise regimen, gradually increase intensity and duration to allow your body to adapt.
• Avoid Overexertion: Listen to your body and avoid pushing through fatigue, as muscles and ligaments become more susceptible to injury when tired.
• Warm-Up Properly: Engage in appropriate warm-up exercises before physical activity. Skipping warm-ups can lead to tight muscles and ligaments, increasing the risk of sprains.
• Wear Appropriate Footwear: Choose shoes tailored to your specific sport or activity, ensuring they provide adequate support and are not worn down. Sports like basketball, soccer, and tennis involve movements that strain the ankle; consider using braces or tape for added stability during these activities.
• Strengthen Muscles: Engage in strength training exercises to build the muscles in your legs, feet, and ankles, which helps stabilize the ankle joint and improve balance, reducing the risk of sprains.
• Focus on Technique: Learn and practice proper techniques for movements like jumping, landing, pivoting, and diving to minimize the risk of injury.
Seeking Prompt Medical Attention
If you sustain an ankle injury, it’s advisable to seek medical treatment promptly. Ankle fractures can be mistaken for sprains and require immediate care, often diagnosed through radiographs. Additionally, untreated sprains can lead to chronic ankle instability, characterized by persistent pain, weakness, and a feeling of the ankle “giving out.” Initiating an appropriate rehabilitation program soon after the injury is crucial to prevent long-term complications and possibly avoid the need for surgery.
For more information, please consult your local foot and ankle specialist.
Disclaimer: This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Isin Mustafa, DPM, MSHS, FACFAS, DABPM
Isin Mustafa, DPM, is a Podiatrist at Family Foot & Leg Centers in Sarasota, FL. She is a Fellow of the American College of Foot & Ankle Surgeons.
Call 239-430-3668 or visit www.NaplesPodiatrist.com to make an appointment. Visit FootHealthFacts.org to learn more about foot and ankle conditions.
3110 Fruitville Commons Blvd,
Suite 102
Sarasota, FL 34240
(Next to Cooper’s Hawk restaurant)
(239) 430 – 3668 (FOOT)
www.NaplesPodiatrist.com