DEPRESSION — LEADING CAUSE OF DISABILITY WORLDWIDE

Depression is a pervasive mental health condition that has been identified as the leading cause of disability worldwide. WHO (World Health Organization) reports that close to 280 million people carry this diagnosis, noting that in the US approximately 21 million suffer from depression. Most people who have depression do not attempt or die by suicide, but depression is linked to a greater risk of suicide. Researchers estimate that about 60% of people who lose their lives to suicide have a mood disorder such as depression or bipolar disease. Depression affects all walks of life although some demographic groups, such as women and individuals with a family history, may be more vulnerable. Furthermore, it affects the young noting that by age 14, 50% of all lifetimes mental health conditions have begun and that by age 24, the number is 75%. Given these statistics and the sequalae of disability and potential death, it is imperative that we raise awareness and provide access to the tools and education to help and treat those with this disease.

Common symptoms of depression can manifest as a persistent (2 weeks minimum) low mood or loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, along with additional symptoms like changes in sleep patterns, appetite, energy levels and self-esteem. Mental health professionals commonly use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria to make a formal diagnosis and to classify the severity. A common screen used by health professionals is the Patient Health Questionnaire also known as PHQ-9. A comprehensive evaluation usually includes a psychological assessment, physical examination as well as family and personal history. Early diagnosis is crucial because it enables timely intervention improving the chances of successful treatment and recovery.

Conventional treatments for depression typically involve a combination of psychotherapy, medications and lifestyle changes. Psychotherapy typically consists of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy and psychodynamic therapy which commonly are used to help individuals identify any negative thought patterns and behaviors. Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are prescribed to help rebalance brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) that help regulate mood. Lifestyle changes such as physical activity/exercise, nutrition, sleep and management techniques such as mindfulness can help complement therapy and medications. Also joining support groups or seeking the support of friends and peers can provide additional emotional support.

Complementary treatment strategies and plans may enhance conventional approaches as well as improve overall wellbeing for those with depression. Mindfulness and medication often help manage stress, reduce rumination and improve emotional regulation. Nutritional therapy aiming for a balanced diet rich in omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin D and other nutrients can support brain health and mood stability. Physical activity/exercise helps release endorphins which can help alleviate symptoms. Also, many find forms of yoga helpful in that mindfulness is combined with motion. Acupuncture has also been shown to help some individuals find relief. Supplements such has SAME, St John’s wort, adaptogens,

B complex vitamins, calming herbs may also help but warrant medical supervision as can interact with prescribed medications. Alternative therapies such as art, music, dance and animal-related therapy can also provide additional outlets for support.

Substance use disorder (SUD) and depression are bidirectional in that in many both exist and that if one disease is untreated or relapse occurs then the other worsens in severity. It is imperative that both disorders are managed and treated; awareness of this relationship must be acknowledged as the path of destruction and despair soon becomes apparent. Substance use is often a sign of self-medication, noting that in some studies up to 33% of those with major depressive disorders will also be diagnosed with SUD upon presentation.

Depression is a widespread condition that affects adults across the globe. With the right knowledge and resources, individuals can seek timely diagnosis and treatment, combining conventional and complementary strategies to regain control of their lives. By understanding depression’s statistics, warning signs and treatment options, we can work collaboratively to combat this mental health challenge.

Resources:
NAMI (National Alliance for Mental Illness)
SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration)
Mental Health Suicide/Crisis Lifeline Call or Text 988